THE SHARE OF R&D EXPENDITURE IN THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) IS 1.03 PERCENT: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) While the ratio of domestic R&D expenditure in gross domestic product (GDP) was 0.96 percent in 2017, it increased to 1.03 percent in 2018. 

MOST R&D EXPENDITURE IS MADE BY FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL COMPANIES: Financial and non-financial companies had the largest share in R&D expenditures with 60.4 percent, followed by higher education with 30.3 percent. The share of general government R&D expenditures, including R&D expenditures made by non-profit organizations, in total R&D expenditures was 9.2 percent. 

FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL COMPANIES RANKED FIRST IN R&D FINANCE WITH 53.6 PERCENT: In 2018, 53.6% of R&D expenditures were financed by financial and non-financial companies, followed by the general government with 32.3%, higher education with 12.1%, foreign resources with 2% and domestic sources with 0.03%. Other sources followed.

172 THOUSAND 119 R&D STAFF WORKED IN FULL TIME EQUIVALENT